Course Overview:

The Cambridge A2 Levels Accounting 9706 course is an advanced program that provides students with a deep and comprehensive understanding of financial and management accounting. Building on the foundation laid at the AS Level, this course delves into more complex accounting principles and practices, preparing students for higher education and careers in accounting, finance, and business management.

Course Objectives:

1. Advanced Financial Accounting:
• Develop a thorough understanding of advanced financial accounting practices, including the preparation of detailed financial statements such as income statements, balance sheets, and cash flow statements.
• Learn how to apply international accounting standards to ensure accuracy and compliance in financial reporting.
• Explore complex accounting transactions, including partnerships, mergers, and the preparation of consolidated financial statements.
2. In-Depth Management Accounting:
• Master advanced management accounting techniques, including marginal and absorption costing, activity-based costing, and standard costing.
• Understand the role of budgeting in strategic planning and performance management, and learn to prepare detailed budgets and forecasts.
• Explore variance analysis and its application in performance evaluation and decision-making.
3. Financial Analysis and Interpretation:
• Gain expertise in financial analysis by applying various tools and techniques to assess profitability, liquidity, efficiency, and investment potential.
• Learn to interpret and critically evaluate financial information to make informed business decisions.
• Explore the use of financial ratios and other analytical methods to provide insights into business performance and financial health.
4. Ethics and Professional Conduct:
• Understand the ethical responsibilities of accountants and the importance of integrity and transparency in financial reporting.
• Learn about professional conduct, the role of ethics in accounting, and how to navigate ethical dilemmas in practice.
• Explore the impact of ethical decision-making on business reputation and financial sustainability.
5. Preparation for Higher Education and Careers:
• Build a strong foundation for further studies in accounting, finance, or business at the university level.
• Develop critical thinking, problem-solving, and analytical skills essential for success in academic and professional environments.
• Gain practical experience through case studies and real-world scenarios that simulate the challenges faced by accountants and financial managers.

Course Content:

<!--[if !supportLists]-->1.       <!--[endif]-->Financial Accounting

<!--[if !supportLists]-->1.1.               <!--[endif]-->Financial statements

<!--[if !supportLists]-->o   <!--[endif]-->the need for and purpose of financial statements for specific types of business

<!--[if !supportLists]-->1.2.               <!--[endif]-->Partnerships

<!--[if !supportLists]-->o   <!--[endif]-->goodwill and the difference between purchased goodwill and inherent goodwill

<!--[if !supportLists]-->o   <!--[endif]-->how to prepare partners’ capital and current accounts to record changes required in respect of goodwill and revaluation of assets on:

– a change in the partners’ profit-sharing ratio

– the introduction of a new partner

– the retirement of an existing partner

– the dissolution of a partnership

<!--[if !supportLists]-->o   <!--[endif]-->how to prepare the partnership appropriation account, statement of profit or loss and statement of financial position including changes in a partnership occurring part-way through an accounting year

<!--[if !supportLists]-->o   <!--[endif]-->how to prepare a realization account and a revaluation account

<!--[if !supportLists]-->1.3.               <!--[endif]-->Clubs and societies

<!--[if !supportLists]-->o   <!--[endif]-->the distinction between a receipts and payments account and an income and expenditure account

<!--[if !supportLists]-->o   <!--[endif]-->how to define and calculate the accumulated fund

<!--[if !supportLists]-->o   <!--[endif]-->how to prepare, from full or incomplete accounting records:

– a receipts and payments account

– accounts for trading and revenue-generating activities

– a subscriptions account

– an income and expenditure account

– a statement of financial position

<!--[if !supportLists]-->o   <!--[endif]-->how to account for other receipts, including life memberships and donations

<!--[if !supportLists]-->o   <!--[endif]-->how to make adjustments to financial statements

<!--[if !supportLists]-->o   <!--[endif]-->how to evaluate possible sources of finance and methods of fundraising

<!--[if !supportLists]-->1.4.               <!--[endif]-->Manufacturing businesses

<!--[if !supportLists]-->o   <!--[endif]-->how to prepare a manufacturing account, to differentiate between direct and indirect expenses and to include factory profit

<!--[if !supportLists]-->o   <!--[endif]-->how to prepare, for a manufacturing business, a statement of profit or loss and a statement of financial position

<!--[if !supportLists]-->o   <!--[endif]-->how to account for manufacturing profit and the elimination of unrealized profit from unsold inventory

<!--[if !supportLists]-->o   <!--[endif]-->the reasons why a business may account for manufacturing profit

<!--[if !supportLists]-->1.5.               <!--[endif]-->Limited companies

<!--[if !supportLists]-->o   <!--[endif]-->how to prepare for a limited company in line with the relevant international accounting standards and legal requirements:

– statement of profit or loss

– statement of financial position

– statement of cash flows

– statement of changes in equity

– schedule of non-current assets

<!--[if !supportLists]-->1.6.               <!--[endif]-->International Accounting Standards

<!--[if !supportLists]-->o   <!--[endif]-->the main provisions of each of the following International Accounting Standards (IAS):

– IAS 1 Presentation of financial statements

– IAS 2 Inventories

– IAS 7 Statement of cash flows

– IAS 8 Accounting policies, changes in accounting estimates and errors

– IAS 10 Events after the reporting period

– IAS 16 Property, plant and equipment

– IAS 36 Impairment of assets

– IAS 37 Provisions, contingent liabilities and contingent assets

– IAS 38 Intangible assets

<!--[if !supportLists]-->1.7.               <!--[endif]-->Ethical considerations

<!--[if !supportLists]-->o   <!--[endif]-->the need for an ethical framework in accounting

<!--[if !supportLists]-->o   <!--[endif]-->the fundamental principles of:

– integrity

– objectivity

– professional competence and due care

– confidentiality

– professional behavior

<!--[if !supportLists]-->o   <!--[endif]-->how the ethical behavior of accountants and auditors impacts the business and other stakeholders

<!--[if !supportLists]-->o   <!--[endif]-->the social implications of decision-making

<!--[if !supportLists]-->1.8.               <!--[endif]-->Auditing and stewardship of limited companies

<!--[if !supportLists]-->o   <!--[endif]-->the role and responsibilities of the auditor

<!--[if !supportLists]-->o   <!--[endif]-->the differences between an external audit and an internal audit

<!--[if !supportLists]-->o   <!--[endif]-->the difference between a qualified and unqualified audit report

<!--[if !supportLists]-->o   <!--[endif]-->stewardship and the role of directors and their responsibilities to shareholders

<!--[if !supportLists]-->o   <!--[endif]-->the importance of a true and fair view in respect of financial statements

<!--[if !supportLists]-->1.9.               <!--[endif]-->Business acquisition and merger

<!--[if !supportLists]-->o   <!--[endif]-->the nature and purpose of the merger of different types of businesses to form a new business entity

<!--[if !supportLists]-->o   <!--[endif]-->how to prepare journal entries and make entries in the relevant ledger accounts to record the:

– merger of two or more sole trader businesses to form a partnership or a limited company

– merger of a sole trader’s business with an existing partnership to form a new partnership

– acquisition of a sole trader’s business or partnership by a limited company

<!--[if !supportLists]-->o   <!--[endif]-->how to calculate the value of goodwill on the acquisition of a business by another entity

<!--[if !supportLists]-->o   <!--[endif]-->how to prepare statements of profit or loss and statements of financial position for the newly formed business entity following the acquisition or merger, for example the limited company acquiring the partnership

<!--[if !supportLists]-->o   <!--[endif]-->the advantages and disadvantages of the acquisition or merger

<!--[if !supportLists]-->1.10.          <!--[endif]-->Computerized accounting systems

<!--[if !supportLists]-->o   <!--[endif]-->the process of transferring the business accounts to a computerized accounting system

<!--[if !supportLists]-->o   <!--[endif]-->ways in which the integrity of the accounting data can be ensured during the transfer to a computerized accounting system

<!--[if !supportLists]-->1.11.          <!--[endif]-->Analysis and communication of accounting information

<!--[if !supportLists]-->o   <!--[endif]-->how to calculate the following ratios:

– working capital cycle (in days)

– net working assets to revenue (sales)

– interest cover

– gearing ratio

– earnings per share

– price/earnings ratio

– dividend per share

– dividend yield

– dividend cover

<!--[if !supportLists]-->o   <!--[endif]-->how to analyses and evaluate the results of the ratios and draw conclusions

<!--[if !supportLists]-->o   <!--[endif]-->how to make appropriate recommendations to stakeholders on the basis of the analysis undertaken

<!--[if !supportLists]-->o   <!--[endif]-->the interrelationships between ratios 

<!--[if !supportLists]-->2.       <!--[endif]-->Cost and Management Accounting

<!--[if !supportLists]-->2.1.               <!--[endif]-->Activity based costing

<!--[if !supportLists]-->o   <!--[endif]-->the application of activity-based costing (ABC)

<!--[if !supportLists]-->o   <!--[endif]-->the uses and limitations of ABC

<!--[if !supportLists]-->o   <!--[endif]-->what is meant by a cost driver

<!--[if !supportLists]-->o   <!--[endif]-->how to use ABC to:

– identify the appropriate cost driver

– apportion and allocate overheads

– calculate the total cost and selling price of a unit

<!--[if !supportLists]-->o   <!--[endif]-->the effect of different methods of overhead absorption on cost and profit

<!--[if !supportLists]-->o   <!--[endif]-->how to apply ABC costing techniques to make business decisions and recommendations using supporting data

<!--[if !supportLists]-->2.2.               <!--[endif]-->Standard costing

<!--[if !supportLists]-->o   <!--[endif]-->the meaning of a system of standard costing in an organization

<!--[if !supportLists]-->o   <!--[endif]-->the advantages and disadvantages of a standard costing system

<!--[if !supportLists]-->o   <!--[endif]-->how standard costing can be used as an aid to improve the performance of a business

<!--[if !supportLists]-->o   <!--[endif]-->how to calculate the following variances:

– direct material price and usage

– direct labour rate and efficiency

– fixed overhead expenditure and volume

– fixed overhead capacity and efficiency sub-variances

– sales price and volume

<!--[if !supportLists]-->o   <!--[endif]-->possible causes of favorable or adverse variances and their relationship to each other

<!--[if !supportLists]-->o   <!--[endif]-->how to make business decisions and recommendations using supporting data

<!--[if !supportLists]-->o   <!--[endif]-->the significance of non-financial factors

<!--[if !supportLists]-->2.3.               <!--[endif]-->Budgeting and budgetary control

<!--[if !supportLists]-->o   <!--[endif]-->the advantages and disadvantages of a budgetary control system to an organization

<!--[if !supportLists]-->o   <!--[endif]-->the advantages and disadvantages of preparing budgets using spreadsheets

<!--[if !supportLists]-->o   <!--[endif]-->what is meant by a master budget

<!--[if !supportLists]-->o   <!--[endif]-->how to prepare the following budgets:

– sales

– production

– purchases

– labour

– trade receivables

– trade payables

– cash

– budgeted statement of profit or loss

– budgeted statement of financial position

<!--[if !supportLists]-->o   <!--[endif]-->the effect of limiting factors on the preparation of budgets

<!--[if !supportLists]-->o   <!--[endif]-->the benefits of flexible budgeting over fixed budgeting

<!--[if !supportLists]-->o   <!--[endif]-->how to prepare a flexible budget statement

<!--[if !supportLists]-->o   <!--[endif]-->possible causes of differences between actual and flexible budgeted data

<!--[if !supportLists]-->o   <!--[endif]-->how to prepare a statement reconciling the flexible budgeted cost of production with the actual cost of production

<!--[if !supportLists]-->o   <!--[endif]-->how to prepare a statement reconciling the flexible budgeted profit with the actual profit

<!--[if !supportLists]-->o   <!--[endif]-->how to make business decisions and recommendations using supporting data

<!--[if !supportLists]-->o   <!--[endif]-->the behavioral aspects of budgeting, including targets, incentives and motivation

<!--[if !supportLists]-->o   <!--[endif]-->the significance of non-financial factors

<!--[if !supportLists]-->2.4.               <!--[endif]-->Investment appraisal

<!--[if !supportLists]-->o   <!--[endif]-->future net cash inflows and outflows arising from the project

<!--[if !supportLists]-->o   <!--[endif]-->how to apply the following capital investment appraisal techniques:

– payback

– accounting rate of return (ARR = (average profit / average investment) × 100)

– net present value (NPV)

– internal rate of return (IRR)

<!--[if !supportLists]-->o   <!--[endif]-->the advantages and disadvantages of these capital investment appraisal techniques

<!--[if !supportLists]-->o   <!--[endif]-->how to make investment decisions and recommendations using supporting data

<!--[if !supportLists]-->o   <!--[endif]-->the significance of non-financial factors